A huge effort has been invested in bone tissue engineering, in which a highly porous scaffold plays a critical role in guiding bone and vascular tissue growth and regeneration in three dimensions. Hence, the engineered tissue construct is an artificial scaffold populated with living cells and signalling molecules.
growth factors) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Natural tissues consist of three components: cells, signalling systems (e.g. Tissue engineering is essentially a technique for imitating nature.
